Steam-generator.



No. 787,941. PATENTED APR. 25, 1905. A. PHILLIPPE & E. BOIVIN.

STEAM GENERATOR.

APPLIGATION FILED 00'1.e. 1902.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

1, E??? ML mf /fza l la y UNITED STATES Patented .api-i1 25, 1905.

PATENT EEICE.

STEAM-GENERATOR.

Y SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 787,941, dated April 25, 1905.

Application filed October 6, 1902. Serial No. 126,161.

To all whom, it Nfl/(ty con/cern:

Be it known that we, AMDE PHILIPPE and EMILE BoIvIN, citizens of the French Republic, and residents ot' Paris, France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Generators, of which the vfollowing is a specilication.

ln certain industries, particularly in automobile steam-traction for heavy loads, it is indispensable that the driver should be able to alter the power ot' the motor instantaneously, either Yfor starting or for getting over a short declivity without changing speed or, finally, in order to avoid accidents on the road. For this purpose two means are at his disposition-driving through the slow-speed gearing while keeping the motor at the normal working or increasing the pressure of the steam, consequently the driving power, which may thus vary from the single to the double or the triple rate. This latter means is the Inore practical, provided that the generator is able to stand a very considerable pressure ot the steam to produce instantaneously two or three times as muchsteam by its large heating-surface and has a body of metal sut- Iicient tor accumulating the quantity of heat units necessary for the formation of this steam without cooling, which would compel stoppages for the purpose otl obtaining heat from the lireplace.

VIn order to facilitate the comprehension of lthis invention, we have annexed drawings to this description, and hereinafter will be given the calculations Vfor a practical generator applicable to automobile traction ol" heavy loads.

In the accompanying drawings, Figuri` l shows a side sectional elevation of the generator. Fig. 2 is a front sectional elevation, in which- A is the inner shell of the boiler, forming fire-box, into which is charged the combustible.

B is the body ot' the outer shell, which will be covered or lined with a non-conductor ot' heat g C, the annular space or chamber between A B, which is I'illed with metal balls, such as worn cycle or badly-made balls or any other conductor ot' heat, the effect whereof l being, Iirst, to absorb and rapidly restore the l heat generated in the fireplace A; second, to create within a limited cubical space a very large surface for heating by direct contact of the liquid and the saturated steam; third, to reduce considerablyr the space in which the liquid to be vapor-ized in placed.

D D are plugs whereby the balls may be introduced or withdrawn for cleaning when necessary; E, plate closing the upper part ot the tire-box.

F is the door opened for charging the conibustible. It is furnished with a circular damper pierced with holes corresponding to those of the door and by the opening whereof the required volume of air lor combustion is easily regulated.

G G is a conduit by which the coinbustive air, the oxid ol carbon, and the products of distillation flow and which mix among theml selves in a proportion assuring their total reduction into carbonio acid before their in troduction beneath the grate of the Vlire-box, from whence they pass through the burning combustible to bc there reduced into carbonio acid with production of smoke.

Il is the outlet-chimney for the carbonic acid. This chimney may be formed like an ordinary draft-chimney or one with a Vforced dral't with the addition ot a blower of any kind.

l is a lining ol` refractory earth protecting the base ol the chimney l'roin the action ot' the lire.

I is the inlet for water into the upper part et the generator, which is the least heated; K, outlet `for the steam by the lower part el the generator, which is the most heated.

L is an ordinary cast iron or steel grate; M, a door for withdrawing the cinders; N, a movable plate closing the bottom of' the cinderbox and for preventing cinders Jfrom falling upon the road and which is easily removable to permit the inside inspection ot the lireboX A.

Hedting-sZuylen-til a generator 0.500 meter in diameter and one meter in height above the tire-bars we obtain by the introduction of -l' d o'l balls in the circular space a heating-surface of 53 m plus the surface of IOO the re-boX-say a total of 54 m2 of effective surface. As a fact one cubic decimeter contains about fourteen thousand live hundred and eighty balls of a mean diameter of 0.005 XMIRZ l mzll. This cubic decimeter minus the spaces between balls weighs seven kilos. Comparatively one M2 of heating-surface of sheet metal resisting twenty kilos of steam-pressure would weigh ninety-three kilos. The same surfaceobtained by the pipes of a tubular boiler would weigh twenty-two kilos. Thus. the heating-surface being equal, we effect a great economy in weight.

Hcat-accumulator.-The circular space in our generator containing 47 d3 of balls weighing three hundred and thirty kilos and heated to 350, the specific heat of iron being 0.125 unit of heat, we accumulate areserve of heat of about ten thousand heat units, capable of instantaneously generating thirteen kilos of steam at a tension of twenty-five atmospheres. N 0 water-reservoir-No eplosion-One of the peculiarities of our form of generator is the absence of a water-reservoir in which steam is formed by convection. In fact, we introduce at each stroke of the feed-pump and according to the requirement of the handpump only the quantity of superheated water necessary for one cylinder of the motorpiston. The water introduced, which is quickly in contact with the first layers of balls, is converted into saturated steam, which liows away at the lower part of the generator after taking a rather long course through the balls, whereby it is superheated and thoroughly dried before acting on the motor-pistons. Thus even in the case of the sheetiron of the body of the boiler being rent no disastrous consequences can arise.

No burning-The body of our generator comprises two concentric cylinders with a circular space between them of 0.050 fm which added to the thicknesses of the sheetiron forms a total thickness of 0 m 0776, which is perfectly non-conductive of heat, which consequently cannot become red-hot through the intensity of our small fireplace, even when working with a forced draft.

Smokc-c0nsamer.-The arrangement which we have considered in the construction of the fireplace has two principal advantages, the smaller of which is the power of puttingon a large quantity of fuel without introducing cold air. For this purpose the upper part of the fire-box is formed by a fixed plate and a trap through which the fuel is introduced. This trap is furnished with a movable register placed near the stoker, who increases or reduces the force of this fire by opening or closing this register to a certain extent according to requirements for the purpose of consuming the smoke. This register being entirely closed, combustion ceases without the fire being extinguished, whereby economy of fuel is effected when the vehicle is stationary. Moreover, if we consider the operation of the fire we find the greatest degree of incandescence at and above the grate. Above this zone the less vigorous combustion produces oXid of carbon, which is recognizable by its blue fiame. Above the heat distils the volatile products of the fuel that forms the smoke,which is a gaseous combustible. As the draft through the chimney takes effect at 0.300 m above the grate, these different gases, oXid of carbon, and products of distillation ascend freely toward the upper part of the Ere-box, where in proportion as they are produced they mix with the cold combustive air, the introduction of which is regulated by their perfect combustion. This mixture is of course eected by the draft of the chimney. It passes into a special conduit which carries it under the grate, and then brings it into contact with the most incandescent fuel before its discharge through the carbonio-acid chimney, from which nothing issues but colorless carbonic acid. This arrangement insuring the complete comsumption of smoke is equally suitable for generators used in factories, where it affords the advantage of considerable economy and enables the tall brick chimneys to be dispensed with.

Having now fully described our invention, what we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

ln a steam-generator, the combination with an inner shell A forming a fire-box, of an outer shell B, said shells being separated from each other to form a steam and water space surrounding the inner shell, heat-conducting bodies arranged within the steam and water space, a door closing the upper end of the shell A, and havin air-inlet openings, a grate within said shel A at a point just below the lower end of the steam and water space, a conduit G, G, arranged eXteriorly of the outer shell B with its upper end leading from near the upper end of the shell A and its opposite or lower end discharging within the shell A at a point below the grate, an outlet H for products of combustion leading from the inner shell at a point above the grate, an outlet K for steam leading from the lower part of the water and steam space, and an inlet for water leading into the upper part of the steam-space, the outer shell being provided with charging and discharging openings for the heat-conducting bodies.

In testimony whereof we have hereunto set our hands in presence of two witnesses.

AMEDEE PHILIPPE. EMILE BoIvIN.

lVitnesses z ADOLPHE S'IURM, EDWARD P. MACLEAN.

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